• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a unit comprising multiple elements, essentially characterised by the use of high-power cavitation/friction mixers which are used together with dispersants and oxidants in multiple steps in series, as well as including an increase in the prior temperature in a continuous process. The device is based on the heating of organic material and dividing same into fine particles by means of cavitation-dispersion and on the chemical oxidation of the cell membranes and walls, all in order to promote conditions for biodegradability. The final operation is the result of the joint action of multiple systems that combine physicochemical dispersion forces, chemical oxidants and temperature. This combination multiplies the effect and minimises reagent and power costs. The unit comprises two heating modules, measurement and control means, a cavitation-dispersion reactor (7), a membrane-rupture cavitation reactor (8), and a sterilisation reactor (9), as well as a controlled acidification reactor. The invention can be used to improve the biodegradability of material and, consequently, the final energy yield.
    公开号:ES2550247A2
    申请号:ES201590078
    申请日:2013-02-12
    公开日:2015-11-05
    发明作者:Pablo DE ANDRÉS GARCÍA
    申请人:Pablo DE ANDRÉS GARCÍA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    image 1 DESCRIPTION
    INSTALLATION AND PROCEDURE FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE BIODEGRADABILITY OF ORGANIC SOURCES 5 OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    It is the object of the present invention, as the title of the invention establishes, both an installation and the procedure carried out in said installation that allows the improvement
    10 of the biodegradability of organic matter, in order to subsequently produce biogas which, due to its high methane content, is a source of usable energy.
    The origin of the organic matter used can have a very diverse origin from petroleum by-products, seaweed crops, varied industrial waste, garbage
    15 urban, leachate, oils, livestock waste, agricultural, forestry, wastewater treatment plants called sludge, sludge and the like etc.
    It characterizes the present invention the special characteristics of each of the elements that are part of the installation as well as the stages to which they are subjected
    20 organic matter particles in order to increase biodegradation, favoring the physical-chemical-biological environmental conditions so that it is carried out at a faster rate.
    Therefore, the present invention is circumscribed within the scope of the media and
    25 facilities designed for the treatment of sludge and the like in order to improve its subsequent treatment.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    In the state of the art, numerous attempts have been made to facilitate the biodegradability of sources of organic matter (MO). The origin of these sources can be of very diverse origin, petroleum by-products, seaweed crops, varied industrial waste, urban waste, livestock, agricultural, forest waste, wastewater treatment plants called sludge, etc.
    35 Various technologies, such as microwaves, thermal methods, ultrasound, have been obtained, however obtaining poor results in terms of economic viability, electrical or energy consumption. These systems have therefore not had an effective introduction in the market due to their low utility, complexity, high operating costs and maintenance.
    image2
    5 Sources of non-toxic organic matter, under suitable conditions, are potentially susceptible to fermentation and bidegradation, it is intended to increase biodegradation, favoring the physical-chemical-biological environmental conditions so that it is carried out at a faster rate. Under aerobic conditions, organic matter biodegradates by oxidizing
    10 partially or totally. Under anaerobic conditions it biodegrades producing biogas and waste. This gas, due to its richness in methane, is a source of usable energy, easy to use, distribute and transform, being very much in demand today.
    Many of these sources of organic matter are by-products or waste from which their energy potential is exploited, the volume is reduced, their dehydration is facilitated and their subsequent use is increased, their recovery is increased.
    The energy use of these sources of organic matter is a fundamental object of this industrial development and has its main interest in economic, environmental and health benefits.
    In the prior art, US patent 2012111322 A1 is known which discloses a system and method for the treatment of biomass in order to convert the biomass into a useful form. In some embodiments, the system and method allow the treatment of
    25 a biomass mixed in a fluid medium in an acoustic resonator chamber. The chamber can be used to mix biomass with other chemical agents or catalysts. The chamber is also coupled to one or more acoustic conductors to provide an acoustic field (for example, by ultrasound) in the chamber, which can also be actuated to cause acoustic cavitation in some embodiments.
    Therefore, it is the object of the present invention to develop an installation and a procedure associated with said installation that allows the use of organic matter as a biogas generating source and consequently as a source of usable energy, by improving the biodegradability of organic matter,
    35 developing an installation such as the one described below and is collected in its essentiality in the first claim.
    image3
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The invention of installation for the improvement of biodegradability is characterized in that it comprises several elements, the fundamental part being the application of blenders of
    5 high friction energy -cavitation and its joint application with dispersants and oxidants in several series steps, completed with the increase of the previous temperature in a continuous process. The equipment is based on heating of organic matter, its division into fine particles with cavitation-dispersion, on the chemical oxidation of cell walls and membranes, all this
    10 to favor biodegradability conditions in particular to the limiting phase (hydrolysis)
    The final action is the result of the combined action of several systems in which chemical physical dispersion forces, chemical oxidants and temperature join. Being 15 combined multiplies the effect and minimizes reagent and energy costs.
    The installation and procedure are sought: -Improve energy production and use in the form of generated biogas.
    20 -Improve the reuse of by-products generated in diverse processes. -Increase the concentration of dry matter in anaerobic reactors. -Decrease in the viscosity of the medium. -A savings in treatment costs, transportation, sludge volumes, equipment and
    civil work.
    25 -Easy implementation in existing facilities. -Process in continuous. -Increase the capacity of existing digesters. -Energy recovery by double exchanger. -A sanitary improvement, since sludge reduces or eliminates pathogens.
    30 -Allows a direct application of waste complying with European regulations. -A decrease in dry matter due to transformation in biogas and decrease in
    precipitation of salts by dispersant action. -A reduction of volumes in materials destined for landfill. -An environmental improvement, less impact of waste and better management of
    35 themselves. -A valuation of waste and greater humic richness.
    image4
    To achieve these purposes the installation includes:
    -A means for measurement and control -A heating means
    5 -A series of reactors arranged in series -Means for heat recovery. -An acidification control reactor
    The means for measurement and control in turn comprise: 10 a) a flow meter with which the volumes of treated material and the reagent dosages are controlled. b) sensors that give us information about conductivity, pH, temperature, redox, that help us to control the system and its operation. 15 c) A sound meter-vibrometer for measuring the cavitation in the reactors and their control.
    The means for heating comprise two material heat exchangers, which will favor the following processes in the treatment, dispersion, cavitation, oxidation and acidification.
    The temperature provides the following effects:
    -Contributes with dispersants and reduce the viscosity of the medium. 25 -Also the temperature favors cavitation because the pressure of
    vaporization is less. -Increases the effectiveness of chemical oxidation reactions. -The temperature accelerates the processes of natural acidification. -Increases the dissolution of salts, avoiding fouling in the reactors. "Fouling" is
    30 a term that refers to salt inlays, fouling on the walls and agitators of reactors, pipes etc. -Increases the sterilization effect.
    The most efficient temperature to be achieved will be that of pasteurization, depending on the 35 sterilization needs of the material to be biodegraded may be higher, it will also depend on the use of the excess thermal energy in cogeneration engines
    image5
    and the management of anaerobic (mesophilic or thermophilic) or aerobic reactors in the following treatments.
    The heating means comprises:
    to. A primary heating unit based on a main exchanger in which the temperature of the process output material will be used, to preheat the newly supplied material in countercurrent.
    10 b. A secondary heating unit based on a secondary exchanger in which an extra contribution is made to raise the temperature to levels higher than those of pasteurization and favoring the dispersion and grinding of the material by the mixers.
    15 Reactors arranged in series include:
    a) Cavitation-dispersion reactor:
    This reactor has a high energy stirrer that produces mechanical cavitation in the middle. 20 In addition, there are variations in pressure, micro implosions that crush the material to be treated providing high friction to the material.
    Tensoactivated and additive soda is dosed with biodispersants (sequestrants and adjuvants) that increase the mechanical shear effect of the propeller, 25 inorganic precipitation of phosphate salts, carbonates, struvite is avoided.
    Biodispersants produce the chemical dispersion of fatty substances bound to exopolymers, hydrocarbon residues, oils and hydrophobic substances.
    30 Cavitation causes implosions of microorganisms when water vaporizes inside the cell and cytoplasmic material is released.
    Cavitation control is carried out with sound level sensors, vibrometers.
    35 In this tank or reactor there is an effective disintegration of Matter. Organic in small particles more easily biodegradable. On the other hand, the increase in surface area implies an increase in the efficiency and speed of biodegradability.
    image6
    In this reactor a physicochemical combination is produced that multiplies the dispersion effects.
    5 The propeller has a double mechanical effect, one of friction stirring cutting polymeric structures and molecules and another of cavitation. These effects are increased by the action of the increased temperature at the beginning, greater vaporization capacity, which reduces the viscosity of the medium and increases the reactions and on the other hand the effect
    10 multiplier of the biodispersant reagents used, such as surfactant and additive soda.
    The soda increases the alkalinity and raises the pH to the medium and favors the lower inhibition by pH in the subsequent acidification stage. 15 b) Cavitation reactor rupture membranes.
    In the next tank a chemical oxidant (Chlorine Dioxide) is dosed, on the cavitation zone, agitation with high speed equipment similar to that of the first reactor. This
    Oxidant has a great tendency to oxidize cell membranes and leave the cytoplasm free in the most accessible medium for degradation. Additionally it has the advantage that it is very fast acting and does not incorporate by-products or toxic waste such as lasting chloramines that complicate subsequent biological processes.
    25 The oxidizing capacity of chlorine dioxide is increased by OH-radicals in cavitation.
    In this reactor it is possible to damage the rupture of membranes and release cytoplasmic material, producing a greater quantity of easily biodegradable and accessible material that
    30 is no longer protected by the barrier of exopolymeric material and the cell membrane. The microorganisms that have still been dead if they have complete membranes are more difficult to degrade than if their membranes are broken.
    With this system, the thermal and physical factor of the cavitation agitator is multiplied with the chemical oxidation effect.
    image7
    c) Sterilization Cavitation Reactor
    In this step, ozone and steam are dosed, so that there is a new oxidative shock in the bacteria that are dispersed and damaged, and also an osmotic and thermal shock provided with the wet steam at 3 bar increasing the sterilization power of the previous reactors.
    The means for heat recovery comprise a countercurrent exchanger that transfers heat to the new inlet material, so that the heat is used again and
    10 the next phase is not compromised by a thermal excess. The outlet temperature should not exceed 40 degrees Celsius, maintaining the mesophilic conditions of the next step.
    d) The acidification reactor
    15 It is a reservoir with several hours of retention, in this phase bacterial growths occur that produce hydrolysis, fermentation, biological acidification reactions that cause pH drops near 4. (Limit of biological acidifications), the pH is controlled around 5.5 to promote continuous acidification, dissolution of precipitated salts.
    20 This fact favors, to a greater degree, environmental changes for possible pathogens, contributing to sterilization and the formation of fatty acids that will be transformed
    or in methane if there is an anaerobic or oxidized digestion in an aerobic system.
    25 An effective dissolution of carbonates, phosphates, struvite precipitates occurs, an increase in the surface of chemical attack of acids on passivated surfaces of calcite carbonates, the Ca2 + and Mg2 + ions being sequestered by the additive, an increase in biological degradation surfaces.
    The method object of the invention comprises the steps of: -Supply of the material to be treated -Step by a primary heating unit based on an exchanger
    main in which the temperature of the process output material will be used, to preheat the new input material countercurrently. 35 -Step some means for measurement and control that include: a flowmeter, a sound level meter, sensors that give information about conductivity, pH,
    image8
    temperature, redox, which help control the system. -Step through a series reactors equipped with high cavitation and energy stirrers. The reactors through which organic matter passes are:
    • Cavitation reactor - dispersion where surfactant soda is dosed and added with antifouling (sequestrants and adjuvants)
    • Cavitation reactor of ruptures of membranes where a chemical oxidant is dosed (Chlorine dioxide)
    • Sterilization cavitation reactor, where ozone and steam are dosed, so that there is a new oxidative shock in the bacteria that are dispersed and damaged, and also an osmotic and thermal shock provided with the wet steam at 3 bar. -Step by the primary heating unit where the calorific contribution to the material of new entry to be treated occurs -Step towards a team acidification reactor bacterial growths occur
    15 that produce hydrolysis, fermentation, biological acidification reactions that cause pH drops.
    Thanks to the characteristics of both the installation and the stages of the procedure, you get:
    20 -Get a very effective dispersion of the input material. -The cytoplasm rupture. -An increase in biodegradability by increasing the speed of hydrolysis. -An effective particle size much smaller. -A degree of coagulation reunification is very low.
    25 -A reduction of inorganic chemical precipitation. -A variation of the thixotropy of the material with a decrease in viscosity. -A more fluid sludge, which retains less amount of gas in digestion, less agitation energy from the digester, dispersion of creams, oils, hydrocarbons, foams with its integration into the medium.
    30 -A displacement emulsion dispersion towards the dispersion of fatty materials, reduction of foams in digestion by the effect of fats incorporated in exopolysaccharides.
    -Lower effect of creams produced in anaerobic digesters by incorporation of filamentous aerobic sludge. 35 -a very fast and very extreme physical changes with respect to the initial conditions, changes in pH, temperature, conductivity, surface tension,
    image9
    thixotropy, these aspects create conditions that hinder the activity and survival of pathogens and their forms of resistance.
    -A very rapid chemical changes due to the action of chemical oxidants such as Chlorine Dioxide and Ozone make the resistance forms difficult to reactivate when their walls and cell membranes remain
    damaged or perforated when oxidized. -An absence of inorganic precipitation of carbonates and struvites. -A smaller amount of waste. 10 EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES
    To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization thereof, it is accompanied as an integral part of said
    15 description, a set of drawings in which with the illustrative and non-limiting nature, the following has been represented.
    In Figure 1, we can see a schematic representation of the installation object of the invention. 20 PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION.
    In view of the figures, a preferred embodiment of the proposed invention is described below.
    25 In Figure 1 we can see that the installation comprises an inlet (1) of the material to be treated, which is passed through a primary heating unit (2), which is an exchange unit that takes advantage of the heat of the output material to preheat the material of new contribution in countercurrent; by means of a conduit (3) it connects with
    30 measuring and control means comprising:
    a) a flow meter (4) with which the volumes of treated material and the reagent dosages are controlled. b) Some sensors (5) that give us information about conductivity, pH, temperature, redox, which help us to control the system and its operation. c) A sound meter-vibrometer for measuring the cavitation in the reactors and their
    image10
    control.
    Then, after passing through the measuring and control means, the material to be treated is passed through a secondary heating unit (6) based on an exchanger
    5 secondary in which an extra contribution is made to raise the temperature to levels higher than those of pasteurization and favoring the dispersion and grinding of the material by the mixers.
    Then the material to be treated is first passed through a cavitation reactor
    10 dispersion (7), then by a cavitation reactor rupture of membranes (8), and finally by a sterilization reactor (9).
    All reactors (7), (8) and (9) have a high cavitation and energy agitator (10) have:
    15 -A high rpm agitator (10.1) with frequency inverter -A cavitation zone (10.2) in which the agitator (10.1) is housed and to which an air inlet (10.5) for cavitation and an inlet are connected reagent injection (10.4).
    20 An inlet (10.3) for air-water cooling injection of the agitator shaft (10). "Striping" of CO2 and increase in pH, ie pH control by Striping.
    "Stripping" of CO2 is the effect of eliminating CO2 in a saturated sample by putting other gases, this CO2 is removed to the atmosphere and there is a pH jump, it rises to the
    The CO2 disappears from the solution that was in the form of carbonic acid.
    Depending on the type of reactor the reagent injection will be different. Thus, in the dispersion cavitation reactor (7), there will be an inlet (7.1) of soda and dispersants, in the cavitation reactor rupture of membranes (8), there will be an input (8.1) for injection of carbon dioxide
    30 chlorine, and in the sterilization cavitation reactor (9), there will be an inlet (9.1) for ozone and steam injection
    All cavitation reactors (7), (8) and (9) have valves at their inlet and outlet can be bypassed with multiple combinations, so the reactor (7) has 35 valves (7.2) and (7.3 ), the reactor (8) with the valves (8.2) and (8.3) and the reactor (9) with the valves (9.2) and (9.3). All reactors (7), (8), (9), also have a door
    image11
    inspection (7.4), (8.4), (9.4) respectively.
    All cavitation reactors (7), (8) and (9) in addition to being connected in series, have a bypass (7.5), (8.5) and (9.5) that bridge the input and output of each reactor, and 5 present at its inlet a valve of (7.6), (8.6) and (9.6) respectively.
    The acidification tank (11) comprises an agitator (11.1) arranged at its bottom, a vent (11.2) and an overflow (11.3), both arranged at the top, a drain
    (11.4) and an outlet duct (12)
    10 Describing sufficiently the nature of the present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is stated that, within its essentiality, it may be implemented in other embodiments that differ in detail from that indicated by way of example, and to which it will also achieve the protection sought, provided that
    15 alter, change or modify its fundamental principle.
    twenty
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    image 1
    1.-Installation for the improvement of the biodegradability of organic matter sources, characterized in that it comprises: 5 -An entrance where there are means for measuring and controlling flow,
    conductivity, pH, temperature, redox, cavitation. -Next it has heating means followed by -A series of reactors arranged in series:
    -a cavitation-dispersion reactor (7), in which dispersants are dosed and 10 whose output is connected to -a cavitation reactor rupture of membranes (8) in which a chemical oxidant is dosed, and whose output is connected with -a sterilization reactor (9). Where all the previous reactors have high energy agitators of
    15 friction - cavitation (10) -Next, there are means for heat recovery -Finally, after the heat recovery means, a pressure reactor is provided
    acidification (11)
    2. Installation for the improvement of the biodegradability of sources of organic matter, according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for measurement and control are: a) a flow meter with which the volumes of treated material and the volumes are controlled.
    reagent dosages. b) sensors that give us information about conductivity, pH, temperature, redox, which help us to control the system and its operation. c) A sound meter-vibrometer for measuring the cavitation in the reactors and their control.
    [3]
    3. Installation for the improvement of the biodegradability of organic matter sources, according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for heating comprise two heating units:
    -a primary heating unit (2) based on a main exchanger in which the temperature of the process output material will be used, to preheat the newly supplied material in countercurrent and
    35 -a secondary heating unit (6) based on a secondary exchanger in which an extra contribution is made to increase the temperature to levels higher than pasteurization and favoring the dispersion and grinding of the material by the mixers.
    image2
    [4]
    4.-Installation for the improvement of the biodegradability of organic matter sources, according to claim 1, characterized in that the high cavitation and energy agitators (10) of the reactors have: -A high rpm agitator (10.1) with frequency inverter with high friction and cavitation blades. -A cavitation zone (10.2) in which the agitator (10.1) is housed and to which 10 an air inlet (10.5) for cavitation and a reagent injection inlet (10.4) are connected. -An inlet (10.3) for air-water cooling injection of the agitator shaft (10) and pH control by Striping.
    5. Installation for the improvement of the biodegradability of organic matter sources, according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the dispersion cavitation reactor (7) has an inlet (7.1) of additive soda and dispersants,
    [6]
    6. Installation for the improvement of the biodegradability of organic matter sources, according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that in the cavitation reactor rupture of membranes (8) there is an inlet (8.1) for chlorine dioxide injection,
    [7]
    7. Installation for the improvement of the biodegradability of organic matter sources, according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that in the sterilization cavitation reactor (9), there is an inlet (9.1) for ozone and steam injection
    [8]
    8.-Installation for the improvement of the biodegradability of sources of organic matter, according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that all the cavitation reactors (7), (8) and (9) have valves at their entrance and at their output, so the reactor (7) have the
    30 valves (7.2) and (7.3), the reactor (8) with the valves (8.2) and (8.3) and the reactor (9) with the valves (9.2) and (9.3).
    [9]
    9.-Installation for the improvement of biodegradability of organic matter sources, according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that all reactors (7), (8), (9), also have an inspection door (7.4 ), (8.4), (9.4) respectively.
    image3
    [10]
    10.-Installation for the improvement of the biodegradability of organic matter sources, according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that all the cavitation reactors (7), (8) and (9) in addition to being connected in series in a process in continuous, they have a bypass (7.5), (8.5) and (9.5) that bridge the input and output of each reactor, and present their
    5 inlet one inlet valve (7.6) (8.6) and (9.6) respectively.
    [11]
    11. Installation for the improvement of the biodegradability of sources of organic matter, according to claim 1, characterized in that the acidification tank (11) comprises a stirrer (11.1) arranged at its bottom, a vent (11.2) and an overflow (11.3 ), both of them
    10 arranged at the top, a drain (11.4) and an outlet duct (12).
    [12]
    12.-Procedure for the improvement of the biodegradability of organic matter sources carried out in the previously claimed installation characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
    15 -Supply of the material to be treated -Step by a primary heating unit (2) based on a main exchanger in which the temperature of the process output material will be used, to preheat the material of new supply in countercurrent.
    -Step some means for measurement and control that include: a flowmeter, a 20 sound level meter, sensors that give information about conductivity, pH, temperature, redox, which help control the system. -Pass through a secondary heating unit (6) in which an extra contribution is made to raise the temperature. -Step through a series reactors equipped with high cavitation and 25 energy agitators, comprising:
    o A cavitation - dispersion reactor (7) where surfactant and additive soda is dosed with antifouling (sequestrants and adjuvants)
    o A membrane rupture cavitation reactor (8) where a chemical oxidant (Chlorine dioxide) is dosed
    30 o A sterilization cavitation reactor (9), where ozone and steam are dosed, resulting in a new oxidative shock in bacteria that are dispersed and damaged, and also an osmotic and thermal shock provided with wet steam at 3 bar.
    -Pass through the primary heating unit (2) where the heat input 35 is produced to the new input material to be treated from the input of the output material.
    image4
    -Step towards an acidification reactor (11) equipment where bacterial growths occur that produce hydrolysis, fermentation, biological acidification reactions that cause pH drops close to 4.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2014125133A1|2014-08-21|
    ES2550247R1|2015-12-10|
    ES2550247B1|2016-09-14|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US6635178B2|2000-12-19|2003-10-21|Dwight D. Bowman|Pathogen inactivation in biosolids with cavitation|
    WO2006017137A1|2004-07-09|2006-02-16|Earnest Stuart|Effect of radiation on cellulase enzymes|
    US7247244B2|2004-10-20|2007-07-24|Five Star Technologies, Inc.|Water treatment processes and devices utilizing hydrodynamic cavitation|
    WO2008137989A1|2007-05-08|2008-11-13|Ra Energey Corporation|Process for manufacturing biomass based products|
    US20120111322A1|2010-11-09|2012-05-10|Impulse Devices, Inc.|Method and Apparatus for Treatment of Cellulosic Biomass Materials in a Cavitation Reactor|CN110078331A|2019-03-19|2019-08-02|广东广垦畜牧工程研究院有限公司|A kind of method of piggery wastewater diphasic anaerobic fermentation biogas|
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